Paradigm Shift: Instruction-centered to Learning-centered

Instruction Paradigm	Learning Paradigm
Improve the quality of instruction	Improve the quality of learning
Transfer knowledge from faculty to students	Elicit students’ discovery and construction of knowledge
Covering material	Specified learning results
Faculty are primarily lecturers	Faculty are primarily designers of learning methods and environments
Any expert can teach	Empowering learning is challenging and complex
Achieve access for diverse students	Achieve success for diverse students
"Live" teacher, "live" students required	"Active" learner required, but not "live" teacher

Source: Barr & Tagg, From Teaching to Learning: A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education,
Change, November/December 1995, pp. 13-25.